Once you have selected or narrowed down your list of all the options, we give you to play the online Australian pokies. Bizzo (Wolf Treasure): Best VIP program. and established under the. Bet from $0. When you hear about online pokies or online slot machines. Free Pokies. The highest-paying online pokies in Australia are one of the fun ways that you can use to make real money online. Let’s look at the key factors we consider when choosing the best online pokies games for real money in 2023. Claim Bonus. On this page, you will find the best online casinos exclusively for AU players. More Pokies to Play Online. Rolling Slots (Wolf Gold): Best new pokies site. Pokies are our passion at VegasSlotsOnline, so we gathered heaps of free online pokies that you can enjoy without depositing cash, installing software or signing up. Real money online pokies also come with randomly triggered extra features to boost your winnings such as wilds, multipliers, scatters, bonus rounds, free spins and jackpots among others. This game pays out a high 96. The best quality Australian online pokies for real money are 3-reel pokies, five-reel progressive slots, six-reel slot machines, progressive jackpot pokies. Made for Kiwis, we offer expert guides, 200+ free games, free spin offers in NZD, and first-hand experience reviews. 2. Get ready to join the bandits for the wildest post-apocalyptic adventure with Money Train 3 from Relax Gaming. Banking. Win Real Money With No Deposit Online Pokies. The reason we included it among the best. Now let’s explore some of the most common payment methods offered by real money online casinos and pokies, available to Aussie players. Wolf Treasure offers several bonus features to help players increase their chances of winning. JackpotCity is surely the best pokies casino with lots of bonus features and secure software. Primarily because they are simple and enjoyable to play, and you have the opportunity to win more. Software providers, as stated before, are also a relevant factor when choosing online pokies to play with real money. This is a great way to learn about the game before betting any real money. Pros. Dedicated app for casino games, features, and functions; Amazing themes and interactive interface; Mammoth rewards and. Currently the most popular Lightning Link Online Pokies include; High Roller: Vegas themed game with familiar Vegas style. Updated Offer 💰 up to AUD 1500 + 150 free spins! Casino Rocket Review Visit Casino . In some slots bonus rounds and free spins are available. Wide range of high-quality pokies. The Return to Player percentage for Gonzo's Quest slot game is 95. 8. Min Deposit: $20. Our top recommendation is Ricky Casino, boasting an attractive Welcome Bonus of $7,500 + 550 Free Spins for newcomers. Step 4 – Choose one game and try playing it via the demo mode to get familiar with symbols, paylines, and gameplay. Typically, sites offering bonuses also offer free spins on pokie games. Ignition Casino (Gold Rush Gus) : Top pick for mobile. org. Check the best online casinos with NZ$5 minimum deposit: Jackpot City Casino -. Play The Best Mobile Pokies On the Move. Step 5 – Visit the Cashier and deposit a certain amount. Slots of this type are the most popular in Australia. Written by Frankie Wilde. Best Online Pokies That Payout Real Money Wolf Treasure. iSoftBet has proven itself to be one of the most reliable software suppliers in the industry. Modern online pokies come with a variety of special features that not only make the games more exciting but also offer additional ways. 110+. Richard Casino. Progressive Jackpot Pokies Online. Even if your bet. Get the biggest no deposit bonus codes in Australia Raging Bull casino $75 no deposit casino bonus chip. You must, however, make sure that you are depositing your money into a legitimate online casino from our recommended list to avoid scams and identity theft. 6th Secret Bonus. 3. FanCasinos. 66%. It was developed by Novomatic over 20 years ago. Best Online Pokies in Australia 2023. About 10,000,000 virtual coins can be claimed through five reels and 50 payline progressive slots. Cleopatra (IGT), Buffalo (Aristocrat. Best Online Pokies in Australia 2023. Real Money Pokies Online – Best Online Pokies New Zealand Casinos. Free spins surely are the best type of promotion you can enjoy. casinos, you. This 100% trusted PayID casino launched in Australia this year. As Aristocrat is a completely Australian multinational gambling machine provider, Aussie players come crazy about free pokies by Aristocrat due to no download. #10. Compatibility. Get expert tips, rankings, and more in our. 2️⃣ Register your account by entering the. How We Choose Top Real Money Pokies Games. Real pokies online come in different game styles. Online casinos, pokies with real money in NZ ⭐ Up to $2,000+ Bonus Play ⭐ 100% safe & trusted casinos licensed by UKGC/MGA. Read review. SkyCrown (Lord of the Seas) – Best Real Money Online Pokies in Australia Overall. Video slots are the most common form of five-reel slots and often feature bonus and free spin features. There’s more where that came from, so let’s take a deeper look at the best real money online pokies sites. Pokies are easy to play, and there is a game for everyone! Best Online Pokies NZ November 2023PlayAmo (Sizzling Eggs): Best for instant-win games. Online pokies for real money are the most popular games here at Wolf Winner Casino. Choose from over 550+ online casino games including modern 5-reel pokies, progressive jackpots and immersive live-dealer games for big or small stakes. Free Chips. Hellspin : Over 4,000 pokies to play. (9. And to give a few examples of these online casinos, we recommend the following ones: Joe Fortune online casino, Spin Casino, Jackpot City, and many others. About 10,000,000 virtual coins can be claimed through five reels and 50 payline progressive slots. (Ad) Here are the top 10 best online pokies in 2023. Best online pokies of Australia reviews 🔥 Best paying pokie machines 2023 in online casinos TOP 50 best pokie machine to win in Australia 🤑 Get AU$5000!. $10 Minimum Deposit Casino Australia, Online Pokies $10 Deposit. Paying homage to the American gold rush of the mid-19th century, the game is, as the name implies, themed around digging for gold. We have shortlisted the best online casino sites for pokies in Australia, which will provide players with an excellent gaming experience and a great range of games. Bet365 Lightning Link. They don’t have as big library as some of the industry’s giants but they still cover all the most popular pokie themes including fruits, fantasy, Ancient Egypt and Norse mythology among many others. The company behind it is TechOptions Group, offering another PayID Casino in Hell Bet and Q7 Online Pokies. SG Casino. Latest No Deposit Bonus Codes & Exclusive Offers for AU Casino Players. Most online pokies real money NZ games contribute 100% to the wagering requirements so they are the best titles to play. ️ Real money casinos NZ. As a rule, a minimal available withdrawal amount starts from $20. A list of Australia’s best real casinos without Bizzo would be incomplete. Hell Spin (Caishen’s Fortune): Highest-RTP online pokies. 7Bit Casino is a real, fully legal platform licensed and regulated under the laws of Curacao. The game has great odds of winning. 50 Crowns. Our online casino operator reviews list includes online pokies to play for real money or for free. The prize pool is. NoDepositKings. Casinonic (Master of Gold): Top welcome bonus. Wolf Winner. JackpotCity is surely the best pokies casino with lots of bonus features and secure software. We’ll deliver you the best online gambling experience with hours and hours of reliable play, whatever game you choose to play. Hell Spin accepts A$10 minimum deposits via all supported methods and processes withdrawals instantly. Play at the bottom right for increased chances of getting a winning combination. This article will provide you with detailed information about real pokie apps and their features. 10%. This money can’t be withdrawn and must be used to be with. Best Online Slots Australia Casinos. com is your one-stop-shop for FREE CASINO BONUSES and the latest casino news. With such a large selection of games, you might be wondering what the best online pokie is. Best casinos offer more than 1,000 slots from all the best software providers in the gaming industry. Additionally, one of the best real money online pokies at this online casino is Sakura Fortune, which is packed with a 96. CasinoJax is a rising star in the Australian online gaming scene, acclaimed for its vast selection of online pokies. 01 and 2. The best Papua New Guinea online pokies sites for November, 2023 are: Best online slot sites for PNG players #1. Reviews. 8. Fair Go Casino uses real money bonuses to attract and retain Australian online gamblers. Online pokies, also known as Online Slots, are found to be the most popular casino game in Australia. A trusted path to the real online pokies Australia offers. You need to choose the best pokie or the one you like the most, either by theme, type of reels, graphics, or designs. Red Dog (5 Wishes): Best for playing pokies online with mobiles. Play the best online casino games at Joe Fortune Australia, including pokies, blackjack, jackpot, roulette & poker. Find games of many different genres including fantasy, luxury, adventure,. Ready to play the best Australian real money online pokies? Sites with 4,000+ pokie machines High jackpots Free spins bonuses Unique themes Thursday, Nov 02, 2023 . 54% RTP/5 reels with 50 pay lines. Game Casino: up to 360% first deposit bonus: Play! Abo Casino: 200 Free Spins +. JackpotCity Online Casino specialises in bringing some of the best New Zealand pokies to players all around the world. Test out the best free-play pokies online; Access a great no deposit pokies bonus and win real cash; Give your AU bankroll a lift with big real-money games; Read more. Accessible in clubs, pubs, hotels, and bars, they are more immediately available than any other games Aussies can play for real money. Wilderino Casino. If you’d rather play pokies online for real money, we’ve got you covered with our curated list of premium casino. This is the. That’s why we’ve reviewed and tested the best real money online casinos in New Zealand to bring you a selection of the top real money pokies games. Skrill is also an e-wallet, commonly accepted in most Aussie online pokies for real money on withdrawal and deposit. RollingSlots (Wheel of. 1. Online pokies real money must be placed on online gambling sites, which. Our gambling sites have a wide range of the best online pokie games that have great bonuses and high level of security. ); Uptown Pokies (Sevens Wild, Joker Poker, Jack or Better, Double Double Bonus, etc. These games are the easiest to play in our lobby. 🃏 Best real money poker app: Nomini: 🎲 Best game variety: RoyalSpin: 🎰 1,500+ online pokies: Bambet: 🎁 Best weekly casino. Learn More. #2 Hell Spin. 1. Worry not anymore, as we have provided a list of the best online pokies casino sites in Australia. Make use of 3 credit rolls for its increased chance of winning. Scratchies. Kiwi punters win at Cosmo Casino. I have included my referral links for these pokies websites and can earn money from these referral links here so thank you very much for checking out these top rated AU casinos for playing pokies online. Online Pokies Pro is one of the top slots and online casino reviews site in Australia. Best Online Pokies Real Money -. Demo mode can keep you from betting real money on a pokie you don’t like. Online Pokies🤑. However, in essence, you can choose between the five. $5,500 Bonus 98% Payout-Rating: 4. Let us explain the two types of no deposit bonuses. - Aussie pokies are known worldwide as slots - Pokies tried by 96% of 18 – 24 y. Bonanza is a video online pokies Australia real money game with 5 reels and 117000 paylines. 1 Ruby Fortune Play now 100% UP TO AU$750 New players qualify for AU$750 free welcome bonus upon joining Host to over 450 games from pokies to table games Live Support offers round the clock help to keep you connected Pokies payout: 96. In addition, Ignition Casino offers a number of bonuses and promotions, which can help you boost your. Australia Free Spins With Deposit – The Real Value is Here. 7%, which is slightly below average for online pokies for real money. Our Refer a Friend program can earn you up to $125 for every referral you make, no limits! And every time you spin or play, you earn Ignition Miles, which fuel. Pokies are our passion at VegasSlotsOnline, so we gathered heaps of free online. 1 per session. Read Review. PayID Online Casinos: Rolling Slots - VPN Friendly Pokies, Highest RTP, Welcome Bonus: 200% up to $500 + 100 FS. We serve as a genuine goldmine for slot enthusiasts looking to indulge in pokie games for free. Spin Casino – 50 FS for $1 deposit. Ancient Egypt has fascinated people for centuries. PLAY NOW. We make sure that you will be able to find the pokies that are developed under prestigious brands. All of them can boast of amazing promotions and. Some of the most renowned pokies in this regard are King Johnnie, Raging Bull, Casinonic, Ozwin Casino, and Pokies Parlour. Ozwin Casino. Are you interested in playing online pokies with real money in New Zealand? Look no further! We’ve done the research to find the top casinos offering Kiwis the best selection of pokies, bonuses, and promotions. Here, you can play over 500 online casino games both in money and free mode. 3rd Deposit Bonus: Venture further into the Kingdom with 25% up to A$1000. CasinoNic has. ); Aussie Play (All American, Bonus Poker, Deuces Wild, etc. Guaranteed fair play through random number generator software. Currently, each of the real money online pokies is powered by game providers like RTG, Spinomenal, Makitone Gaming, and Proprietary Games. if you are ready to play with real money online then we have negotiated some of the best. Dive into the world of online pokies for real money and discover the thrill of spinning the reels for big wins. Jackpot City NZ: Hundreds of pokies to choose from including all big jackpot pokies available. Deep dive on the floor of the ocean to find secret sea treasures and gold coins. Register here to play Dig Dig Digger for real money >> Woo Casino is one of the most popular new online pokies sites in Australia. Casino Rocket's Free Spins in Australia. The Hottest New Game in Town. What is the best Australian online pokies min $5 deposit? There are penny slots that let you spend only $0. 4. 2. A general rule is that a game with an RTP of 95% or more is one of the best paying online pokies in Australia. 40,070 AUD 142. Jackpot City. Players opting to play with a no-deposit real money slot must opt for it. In short, all the facts you need to decide where to play online pokies for real money from trusted brands are here. Play the best online pokies in Australia from anywhere with internet access. When you have $5 for games, you can make. com. Best Real Money Pokie Games from Microgaming. Five-reeled slots are provided by numerous vendors and come with. The best online pokies in Australia are heaps of fun — they’ve got crazy payouts, high RTPs, incredible bonus features, and they’re available to Australian players. #2 Rabona — the Best Pokie Selection Rabona Online Casino has a lot of games. A treasure trove of fun pokies awaits as the kingdom welcomes players from around the world. Bonuses. Like a Hurricane!Best online casinos to play pokies with Real Money Playing pokies for real money is entertaining and equally exciting – no doubt in that however as a new player, you may prefer to start with free games. The choice between the two often depends on your personal preferences, risk tolerance, and gaming objectives. Best Online Pokies Australia (2023) Top Real Money Australian Pokies Sites with Big Payouts 1. Real Money Pokies Online. The live arena also features a spectacle of gameshows and live pokies, akin to the vibrant entertainment one finds in the heart of Sydney. AU$3500 + 200 Free Spins. 1. Top Australian Casino Sites to Play Pokies Online in 2023. Pokies online game developers are continually pushing boundaries to give Aussie online pokie players the best of the best. I have included my referral links for these pokies websites and can earn money from these referral links here so thank you very much for checking out these top rated AU casinos for playing pokies online. Best online pokies Australia real money 2023 - Top Aussie pokies updated BI Africa. Ricky Casino. Fair Go Casino uses real money bonuses to attract and retain Australian online gamblers. 110% Bonus. They are medium- to high-volatility games, with significant payouts that do not occur very often. Test out the best free-play pokies online; Access a great no deposit pokies bonus and win real cash; Give your AU bankroll a lift with big real-money games; Read more. Test out these real online pokies at Australia’s best online casinos. 2%, Dragon Link is an Asian-themed online pokie with a progressive jackpot feature by Aristocrat. 9. You can load money right from your bank account and about 40 other methods. Gold tiger ascent. Jackpot is 1000 coins. The great news is that our. Casino Rocket's Free Spins in Australia. $2000. Choosing the best free slots online depends on features like RTP, paylines, number of reels, bonuses, jackpot, design, theme, and even developer of the game. Joe Fortune (Reels & Wheels) : Must-drop jackpots. Rather than messing around with the browser on your mobile phone, you simply download the app from your favourite mobile casino and play directly! Playing pokies on an app is a fast, fun, and convenient way of playing all your favourite pokies. 💳 Mobile pokies with the fastest withdrawal. Grid (Reels & Paylines) Bonus Features. Registration. Palace Group, established in 2003, is the owner and operator of Ruby Fortune casino sites. Play for FREE here!This feature, coupled with a staggering jackpot prize pool of $25,000,000, positions NeoSpin as one of Australia's top online casinos. Top best real money online pokies include Mega Moolah, Thunderstruck II, Mega Fortune, Immortal Romance, Where's the Gold, Bonus Bears, Twin Spin, etc. Bingo. 1. Fair Go Casino Australia is one such site that offers exciting 3-reel and 5-reel variants, as well as all the top pokie titles. Gambling Help Online: Gamblers Anonymous Australia: gaaustralia. Wolf Winner is the best casino to play real money pokies because of the following reasons: All pokies are made by the best software providers. 200 Free Spins + 1 Bonus Crab. Symbols players will find on the reels include, Cherries, red Sevens, Single Bars with Diamond, Double Bars, Triple Bars, Bells, Dollar Signs, and Diamonds. Our Refer a Friend program can earn you up to $125 for every referral you make, no limits! And every time you spin or play, you earn Ignition Miles, which fuel. casino Australia, your number one guide to playing online casino with real money in Australia. Best Online Pokies for Real Money site: name: bonus: to do: BC. Since pokies online for real money are the main draw at online casinos, it’s only right to look for the best-paying online pokie games. Games from this provider popular among pokie players are Legend of the Nile, Good Girl, Bad Girl, Stampede, and more. The highest paying online casino Australia is likely to offer the highest paying online pokies and games. Best Real Money Pokie Bonuses. It's safe, the fees are low, and it is now accepted by lots of online pokies websites. You can play our free pokies online from anywhere, as long as you’re connected to the internet. Just like classic slots, these have three reels and fewer features than video slots. This is an Australian-friendly casino managed by Media21 B. Loki Casino 100% Up To $10,000 Bonus Read Review T&Cs Apply 3000+ Casino Games |$10,000 First Deposit Bonus & 10% Daily Cashback Play Now Bets io Casino & Sports 100% up to 1 BTC + 100 FS Read Review T&Cs Apply 10,000+ Games | Top Live Sports Betting | Huge Crypto Bonuses Play Now HellSpin Casino Free Pokies: Play the Best Pokies for Free or For Real Money. Make a Deposit: To play pokies for real money, you must. SkyCrown (88 Dragons Bounty): Best pokie site for progressive jackpot pokies. Play top real money pokies, enjoy exciting bonuses, and win big. The versatility of Aristocrat pokies online real money is bound to state the thirstiest gambling nuts in Australia. co. Match Bonus with 40 Free Spinson Egyptian Gold. So, with this example, when you make your first deposit, it will be matched completely as it is a “100%” bonus. Video slots (5-reel pokies): Video slots are also known as online 5-reel pokies. Now let’s explore some of the most common payment methods offered by real money online casinos and pokies, available to Aussie players. 5% RTP. It's a great way to shift New Zealand dollars around on the web direct from your bank account. DundeeSlots (Elvis Frog) – Best Online Pokies Real Money Casino Hits. Cashback up to 20%. This pokie for money in Australia is the most popular. It’s the best real money online pokies for New Zealand punters, with 15 of the top progressives and a 97% payout. Discover the best real-money online casinos in New Zealand right now: ranked for game variety, bonus ease, kiwi payment methods, and global reputation. Free Chips. Offer. 07%: No: Lucky 88: 97%: No: Gonzo’s Quest Megaways: 96%: Yes: Gold Digger: 96%: No. Bonanza. Best Real Money Pokies 2023 in Australia. com. 24% return to player (RTP). Step 5 – Visit the Cashier and deposit a certain amount. Hence, all wins in the games are virtual and cannot be. ). Bonuscode. Meet Yourself With The Best Aristocrat Online Casinos In Australia! Online pokies appear in. 01 and 2. Gonzo's Quest - RTP 96%. If you want to PLAY ONLINE POKIES FOR FREE with a no deposit bonus and win real money, you have come to the right place. T&C Applies. $10 Minimum Deposit Casino Australia, Online Pokies $10 Deposit. It has medium volatility, betting options are affordable for all wallets. Ace Play Casino. Want to know about the best Australian online pokies min $10 deposit? Mobile casino, as the name refers, are no download gambling sites that are accessible on mobile devices. Pokies are our passion at VegasSlotsOnline, so we gathered heaps of free online pokies that you can enjoy without depositing cash, installing software or signing up. Top Online Pokies for Real Money. We bring you some. “When it comes to 3D slots, I expect the best, and this online pokie proves no exception. 2. It only takes a few minutes to register for an account and after this you have thousands of titles to pick from. cls-1{fill:#10a572;} Cashback wager only 5x; Review Play Now #3 3. Australian Friendly. Pokies game provider. If you bet $100, RTP is 95%, a $5 wager will be taken by the casino, and $95 will be paid to you. Our team of experts carefully tests and analyses each brand we recommend to our readers. It's a significant grading factor when analysing online pokies casinos. Best Online Pokies Australia for Real Money. Online Pokies Nz Latest Issue. Betsoft — Considered as one of the best mobile-friendly developers in the world. Best Real Money Online Pokies in Australia. Online Pokies are one the most popular casino games that you will find at Australian virtual casinos. Show Summary. However, if you seek a more subdued experience, the. Australian Friendly. It is developed by Aristocrat software developer and has 25 paylines. The real fun begins when you play online pokies for real money and you have the chance to win big. Cashback up to 20%. Click on the “Pokies” or “Slots” link to view all the online pokies at the online casino. The best online pokies MUST: Real money online pokies must belong to the production of companies with a license and impeccable history. Diamond Wild. Casino Rocket's Free Spins in Australia. On the other hand,. These use multiple paylines and have features like bonus games, free games, multipliers, and more. Best online pokies. Progressive Jackpot Pokies Online. SkyCrown Casino. Most often, these bonuses are activated by Scatter, Wild, or Joker symbols. You can play video real money poker and practice it for free at those online casinos. With these you get ‘2 for 1’ which is why they are sought after in Australia and beyond. It’s a top real money site to play at and one of the best online casinos in New Zealand currently. 11. 3:25 PM, Jun 26, 2023 <i>ZeaClick</i> Disclaimer: This is. In this list you can find the best online pokies real money & welcome bonuses King Pokies has selected for our visitors. The type of pokie from which the name is derived is the video poker machine. When you play pokies online for real money in Australia, you will definitely want to give yourself the best chances of winning big. Australians - Pokies claim 70% of the online gambling market - Top online casinos can offer 2,000+ pokies Australia's biggest collection of free and real money pokies. In 2021, one player won $0 on the Absolutely Mad Mega Moolah online slot, setting a new online record. Top New Casino. 150% bonus up to 1000 AUD on 4th deposit. 1️⃣ Visit the real money casino in Australia where the bonus you wish to claim is offered. When you play pokies online for real money in Australia, you will definitely want to give yourself the best chances of winning big. Gaming at online casinos in Australia is a popular and legal activity that offers players a wide range of. The top online sites offer a wide range of payment options from credits to wire transfer to e-wallets, like NETELLER or Australia favourite, POLI. Five-level rewards program. 1 $5000 Bonus +100 Free Spins 97% Payout Min Deposit: $20 Play Now Casino Jax 2 $1200 Bonus +300 Free Spins 98% Payout Min Deposit: $15 Play Now MyEmpire 3. Here we will go over how easy it is for you to create an account and start playing on your favourite pokie games. Keno. You need to make a deposit to play real money online pokies, and we believe that these are the best methods to do this from Australia: 💳 PayID: Online banking solution for Australian players. Play top online pokies in Australia for free or real money. Most top-rated online casinos offer a variety of pokies you can play for real money gambling. Today, the best online pokies QLD attract a growing number of Brisbane players. Get ready to join the bandits for the wildest post-apocalyptic adventure with Money Train 3 from Relax Gaming. It will be very convenient for you to play for real money in PayID online casinos in Australia, because this method can be connected to more than 100 banks in this country. Our website is a comprehensive gambling resource for free online pokies. 2. #2 Hell Spin. ! Top Real Money Online Pokies Casinos in Australia. 2200 AUD. Ozwin Casino – Best Online Pokies Overall; Fairgo Casino – Top Progressive Jackpot Pokies; HellSpin Casino – Best Free Online Pokies; Bankonbet. 3% to the RTP, while the Free Falls feature will contribute 30. When it comes to style and graphics, BetSoft is one of the more notable innovators in online slots. Huge choice of Australian online pokies real money games to play. To access and enjoy some of their best offers, you can do that right away by clicking on any of the offers listed below. Special Features in Online Pokies. Offer. Jackpot is 1000 coins. Best real money online casinos in Australia are here: Stellar Spins offers $10,000 + 200 Free Spins! Ricky Casino - $7,500 + 550 Free Spins! At CasinoAus now!. SkyCrown is our top pick today as. Free Chips. 9. 3:25 PM, Jun 26, 2023 . 1️⃣ Check our list of online pokies casinos for Australian players, pick one, and register. 5/5. Velvet Spin Casino. Sites with 4,000+ pokie machines High jackpots Free spins bonuses Unique themes Ready to play the best Australian real money online pokies? Monday, Nov 20, 2023A pokies app is a revolutionary way of playing your favourite online casino games on the go. Enjoy a variety of free pokies, or continue and explore our curated list and find the top 10 real money online pokies sites that promises a great time and potentially big wins. Play Now. If you enjoy straightforward action, 3-reel pokies online are what you need. 5. 1.